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Semi-detached
Semi-detached housing (often abbreviated to semi in the UK, Canada and Australia, as in "three-bedroom semi", and occasionally referred to as se-tenant houses) consists of pairs of houses built side-by-side or (less commonly) back-to-back,〔https://www.ura.gov.sg/circulars/text/dchbr/pt1landedhousing-dchbr.pdf〕 sharing a party wall and usually in such a way that each house's layout is a mirror image of its twin. This style of housing, although built throughout the world, is commonly seen as particularly symbolic of the suburbanisation of the United Kingdom and Ireland, or post-war homes in Central Canada. In New England, certain other parts of the United States, and most of Canada, this style is sometimes colloquially called a ''duplex''; elsewhere, however, "duplex" refers to a building split into two flats/apartments (one above the other). The style is usually referred to in the mid-Atlantic (particularly Philadelphia) as a twin.
This type of housing can be thought of as being a half-way state between terraced or row housing and single-family detached homes. Terraced housing consists of continuous row houses with open spaces at the front and back, while semi-detached houses have front, rear and any one side open spaces, and individual detached houses have open spaces on all sides.
==History==
During the 19th century, a father and son architectural partnership, John Shaw, Sr. and John Shaw, Jr., drew up some of the very first designs for semi-detached housing in London. Examples of their work can be seen in Chalk Farm, North London. John Claudius Loudon is another early builder of the semi-detached building in 1825. In the British housing boom of the 1920s and 1930s semi-detached houses sprang up in suburbs throughout the country, and were popular with middle class home owners who preferred them to terrace houses. The design of many of these houses, highly characteristic of the era, was heavily influenced by the Art Deco movement, taking influence from Tudor Revival, chalet style, and even ship design.
In the immediate post-war years many council houses also followed the 'semi' format, giving many Britons a first experience of private garden space. The semi is now the most common dwelling type in England, yet because it is typically suburban and ordinary, little research into its origins and development has been carried out, and semis are under-represented in heritage listings.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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